Yak Evidence : Aids - A Horrendous Disease

AIDS - Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Horrendous Disease

Overview

• What is HIV in addition to AIDS?
• C Origin of HIV infection.
• Different ways of transmission of HIV infection.
• 0 Symptoms of HIV inwards dissimilar stages.
• HIV/AIDS inwards India.
• India’s first to command it.
• Available handling for AIDS.

Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most dreadful illness inwards the history of mankind, which has caused a dandy havoc inwards the minds of people. World AIDS Day, observed globally on 1st Dec each twelvemonth since 1988, is 1 of the 8 official global world health campaigns marked past times the World Health Organisation (WHO).

Government in addition to health officials, non-governmental organisations in addition to individuals about the reason observe the hateful solar daytime in addition to are dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused past times the spread of HIV infection in addition to mourning those who receive got died of the disease.

What is HIV in addition to AIDS?

HIV stands for ‘Human Immuno Deficiency Virus’. It is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which assist the immune scheme to struggle off infections. HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T cells) inwards the body, making the soul to a greater extent than probable to larn infections or infection-related cancers. Over time, HIV tin destroy in addition to then many of these cells that the trunk can’t struggle off infections in addition to diseases.

AIDS on the other hand, stands for ‘Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome’ which is the terminal stage of HIV infection in addition to non everyone who has HIV advances to this stage. AIDS is the stage of infection that occurs when the immune scheme is badly damaged. When the number of CD4 cells fails below 200 cells per cubic millimetre of blood, it is considered to receive got progressed to AIDS.

Origin of HIV/AIDS

Scientists identified a type of Chimpanzee inwards West Africa equally the source of HIV infection inwards humans. They believe that, the Chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called Simian Immunodeficiency Virus or SIV) most probable was transmitted to humans in addition to mutated into HIV when humans hunted these Chimpanzees for meat in addition to came into contact amongst their infected blood. Over decades, the virus slow spread across Africa in addition to afterwards into other parts of the world.

The earliest known representative of infection amongst HIV-1 inwards a human was detected inwards a blood sample collected inwards 1959, from a human being inwards Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. (How he became infected is non known.) Genetic analysis of this blood sample suggested that HIV-1 may receive got stemmed from a unmarried virus inwards the tardily l940s or early on 1950s.

Different Ways of Transmission of AIDS/HIV

It is of import to know the various ways of the transmission of HIV inwards a body. HIV is spread mainly by

• Having anal or vaginal sexual practice amongst someone who has HJV, without using a prophylactic or taking medicines to preclude or care for HIV.
• Sharing needles or syringes, rinse H2O or other equipment used to gear upward injection drugs amongst someone who has HIV.
• From woman raise to kid during pregnancy, nativity or breast-feeding. In extremely rare cases, HIV is transmitted past times oral sex, receiving blood transfusions contaminated past times HIV, eating nutrient that has been pre-chewed past times HIV infected person, beingness bitten past times a soul amongst HIV, deep or opened upward oral fissure kissing in addition to and then on.

HIV does non hold out long exterior the human trunk in addition to it cannot reproduce exterior a human host. It is non spread by

• Air or water.
• Moscuitoes, ticks or other insects.
• Saliva, tears or sweat that is non mixed amongst the blood of a HIV-positive person.
• Shaking hands, hugging, sharing toilets or closed-mouth or ‘social’ kissing amongst someone who is HIV-positive.
• Having one’s pilus cutting at the same saloon.

Symptoms of HIV/AIDS

The svmptonis of HIV vary, depending on the private in addition to what stage of the illness a soul is. There are 3 main stages of H1V infection

• In the early on stage known equally ‘Acute infection’, some people may experience a flu-like illness amongst 2-4 weeks after HIV infection. But some people may non experience sick during this stage.
• The adjacent stage is, clinical latency stage inwards which HIV is, withal active but reproduces at real depression levels.
• The tertiary stage is the progression to AIDS which receive got symptoms similar rapid weight loss, pneumonia, extreme in addition to unexplained tiredness, retention loss, depression in addition to and then on.

Majority of HIV infected persons are from iow in addition to middle income group. According to WHO, the number of persons suffering from AIDS, are unopen to 36.7 1000000 peopie across the reason at the destination of 2015, of these, 2.1 1000000 people were newly infected amongst HIV inwards 2015. There were almost two 1000000 children (below xv years) who were found infected amongst HIV/AID5 worldwide. 17.1 1000000 make non know, they receive got the virus in addition to postulate to live reached amongst HIV testing services in addition to about 22 1000000 make non receive got access to HIV treatment, including 1.8 1000000 children.

The vast bulk of people living amongst HIV are inwards depression in addition to middle income countries. According to WHO, Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, amongst 25.8 1000000 people living amongst HIV inwards 2015, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for almost 70% of the global full of novel HIV infections. In spite of rapid spread of HIV, several countries similar Thailand, Republic of Uganda in addition to Janzania receive got made various efforts toward HIV prevention.

HIV/AIDS inwards India

Republic of Republic of India has the tertiary largest HIV epidemic inwards the world. In 2013, HIV prevalence inwards Republic of Republic of India was an estimated 0.3%. This figure is pocket-size compared to most other middle-income countries hut because of India’s huge population (1.2 billion), this equates to 2.1 1000000 peopie living amongst HIV. In the same year, an estimated 130000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. HIV prevalence inwards Republic of Republic of India varies geographically. The v states amongst the highest HIV prevalence (Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Andlira Pradesh in addition to Karnataka) are inwards the South or East of the country. Some states inwards the North in addition to North-East of the country, study rise HIV prevalence.

Among primal affected populations, sexual practice worker in addition to men who receive got sexual practice amongst them receive got experienced a recent spend upward inwards HIV prevalence, patch inwards the number of people who inject drugs HIM prevalence has remained unchanged since 2007. However, transgender people are emerging equally a grouping at high jeopardy of HIM transmission.

India’s Initiatives to Check HIV/AIDS

Soon, after the get-go cases emerged inwards 1986, the Government of Republic of Republic of India established the National AIDS Committee inside the Ministry of Health in addition to Family Welfare.

This paved the means for the institution of the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), which is the electrical flow apex Government of Republic of Republic of India trunk for HIM surveillance. Republic of Republic of India likewise launched a National AIDS Control Programme which was divided into 3 phases; Phase I (1992-1999) focussed on monitoring HIM infection rates amid jeopardy populations inwards selected urban areas, Phase II (1999-2006) extended the programme at province degree in addition to Phase III (2007-12) increased targeted interventions, aiming to stop in addition to opposite the epidemic past times integrating programmes for prevention, care, back upward in addition to treatment.

In 2009, Republic of Republic of India established a “National HIM in addition to AIDS policy in addition to the reason of work” which sought to destination discrimination against workers on the reason of their existent or perceived HIM status. Apart from this, ‘The Human Immuno Deficiency Virus in addition to Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention in addition to Control) Bill, 2014 was introduced inwards the Rajya Sabha inwards February, 2014.

The neb seeks to preclude in addition to command the spread of HIV in addition to AIDS, prohibits discrimination against persons amongst HIV in addition to AIDS, provides for informed consent in addition to confidentiality amongst regard to their treatment, places obligations on establishments to safeguard their rights in addition to creates mechanisms for redressing their complaints. Over the past times decade, Republic of Republic of India has made pregnant progress inwards tackling its HIV epidemic. New HIV infection receive got fallen past times almost 50% inwards comparing to other neighbouring countries.

More sustained efforts are needed for uptake of antiretroviral handling which is gratuitous but uptake remains depression in addition to requires dramatic scaling up. Stigma in addition to discrimination remains a pregnant barrier preventing primal affected grouping in addition to those at high jeopardy of HIV transmission from accessing vital healthcare services.

Is HIV/AIDS Totally Curable?

There is currently no cure or effective HIV vaccine. Treatment consists of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) which slows progression of the disease. Apart from this, at that topographic point are solely preventive measures to tackle amongst the number of spreading the illness similar using a novel prophylactic patch having sexual practice everytime, purpose of a build clean needle, medical attention during pregnancy etc.

On the other hand, World AIDS Day is held on the 1st December, every twelvemonth in addition to is an chance for people worldwide to unite inwards the struggle against HIV, exhibit their back upward for people living amongst HIV in addition to to commemorate people who receive got died. World AIDS hateful solar daytime was the get-go e'er global health day, held for the get-go fourth dimension inwards 1988. Although, no cure is yet inwards sight, the struggle against AIDS has proved to live fourth dimension of the glories of the modern medicine. Continuous question is going on, newer in addition to effective drugs to kill AIDS virus are beingness tested, but in addition to then far no encouraging results receive got been obtained. But 1 should, never surrender hope. We volition maintain on trying in addition to trying until success is reached.

Difficult Words amongst Meanings :

• Pandemic a illness which is prevalent over a whole province or the world
• Immune scheme the organs in addition to processes of the trunk that provides resistance to infections in addition to toxins, Organs similar thymus, os marrow in addition to lymph nodes are the master copy ones
• Transmit transfer or passed on from 1 soul or house to another
• Mutated undergo or receive to alter inwards form 
• Stemmed originated 
• Diverse different, varied
• Prevalence widespread presence
• Intervention interference past times a province inwards another’s affairs
• Sustained continued for an extended period
• Stigma a type of disgrace or dishonou
• Commemorate remember in addition to exhibit abide by for peculiarly amongst a cermony or memorial.

shared past times Nisheeta Mirchandani

 

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